Precision Ventilation vs Standard Care for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ARDS is a devastating condition that places a heavy burden on public health resources. Recent changes in the practice of mechanical ventilation have improved survival in ARDS, but mortality remains unacceptably high.

This application is for support of a phase III multi-centered, randomized controlled trial of mechanical ventilation, directed by driving pressure and esophageal manometry, in patients with moderate or severe ARDS. The primary hypothesis is that precise ventilator titration to maintain lung stress within 0-12 centimeters of water (cm H2O), the normal physiological range experienced during relaxed breathing, will improve 60-day mortality, compared to guided usual care.

Specific Aim 1: To determine the effect on mortality of the precision ventilation strategy, compared to guided usual care, in patients with moderate or severe ARDS.

• Hypothesis 1: The precision ventilation strategy will decrease 60-day mortality (primary trial endpoint).

Specific Aim 2: To evaluate the effects on lung injury of the precision ventilation strategy, compared to guided usual care, in patients with moderate or severe ARDS.

Hypothesis 2a: The precision ventilation strategy will improve clinical pulmonary recovery, defined using the composite endpoint alive and ventilator-free (AVF).

Hypothesis 2b: The precision ventilation strategy will attenuate alveolar epithelial injury.

Specific Aim 3: To evaluate the hemodynamic safety profile of the precision ventilation strategy, compared to guided usual care, in patients with moderate or severe ARDS.

• Hypothesis 3: The precision ventilation strategy will decrease hemodynamic instability, measured as shock-free days through Day 28.