Matrix Biology of Tracheobronchomalacia and Tracheal Stenosis

Controlled pilot study to determine whether there exists, at a molecular level, a predisposition to the development of tracheomalacia and subglottic stenosis. Thirty patients will be divided into 2 groups of 20 patients (study patients) and 10 patients (control group). Both groups will undergo bronchoscopy and airway biopsy

The study is a pilot study to evaluate alterations in the airway matrix, growth factor levels, and vascular structures.in patients with tracheobronchomalacia and subglottic stenosis

Bronchoscopies will be performed in the West Procedure UnitPulmonary Special Procedures Unit or in the operating room (depending on the clinical indication and patient scheduling) at the BIDMC after informed consent is obtained.

Patients will receive topical upper airway anesthesia with lidocaine and intravenous conscious sedation with fentanyl and midazolam as per standard of care

Biopsies will be performed according to standard protocols.

Biopsies will be performed: 2 samples will be sent for pathology as part of clinical care and 2-3 samples used for research analysis.